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独处的能力笔记（温尼科特）

1. Iwish to make an examination of the capacity of the individual to be alone,acting on the assumption that this capacity is one of the most important signsof maturity in emotional development. 我希望考察下个体独处的能力，这是遵照这样的假设，独处的能力是个体在情绪发展上成熟的最重要的标志之一。

2. Afterthinking in terms of three- and two-body relationships, how natural that oneshould go a stage further back and speak of a one-body relationship! 考虑三人和两人关系之后，进一步追溯和谈论一人的关系是多么自然的事啊。

3. Althoughmany types of experience go to the establishment of the capacity to be alone,there is one that is basic, and without a sufficiency of it the capacity to bealone does not come about; this experience is that of being alone, as an infantand small child, in the presence of mother. Thus the basis of the capacity tobe alone is a paradox; it is the experience of being alone while someone elseis present. 尽管许多经验试图建立独处的能力，但有一种是基本的，没有它，独处的能力就不会发生。这种经验就是在妈妈在场的情况下，作为婴儿和小孩，能够独处的能力。这样的话，独处的能力的基础是一个悖论；在有人在场的情况能够独处的经验。

4. Ego-relatednessrefers to the relationship between two people, one of whom at any rate isalone; perhaps both are alone, yet the presence of each is important to theother. I consider that if one compares the meaning of the word “like” with thatof the word “love”, one can see that liking is a matter of ego-relatedness,whereas loving is more a matter of id-relationships, either crude or insublimated form. 自我相关指的是两个人之间的关系，无论如何，其中之一是孤独的；也许两个人都孤独，然而一个出现对另一个非常重要。我认为，如果一个人拿“喜欢”这个词的意思和“爱”这个词的意思做下比较，他会发现，喜欢是自我相关的关系，而爱是本我相关的关系，或者原初的形式，或者以升华的形式。（独处的能力所涉及的关系是自我相关的关系）。

5. Beingable to enjoy being alone along with another person who is also alone is initself an experience of health. Lack of id-tension may produce anxiety, buttime-integration of the personality enables the individual to wait for thenatural return of id-tension, and to enjoy sharing solitude, that is to say,solitude that is relatively free from the property that we call “withdrawal”. 与另外一个独处的人一起享受独处完全是一种健康的体验。本我张力的缺乏也许会产生焦虑，人格的整合使得个体等待本我张力的返回并享受孤独，也就是说，孤独是从我们称为撤回的能量中释放出来的。

6. Itcould be said that an individual’s capacity to be alone depends on his abilityto deal with the feelings aroused by the primal scene. 可以说，个体独处的能力取决于个体处理由原始场景所激发的感觉的能力。

7. Inthe primal scene an excited relationship between the parents is perceived orimagined, and this is accepted by the child who is healthy and who is able tomaster the hate and to gather it into the service of masturbation. Inmasturbation the whole responsibility for the conscious and unconscious fantasyis accepted by the individual child, who is the third person in a three-body ortriangular relationship. To be able to be alone in these circumstances impliesa maturity of erotic development, a genital potency or the corresponding femaleacceptance; it implies fusion of the aggressive and erotic impulse and ideas,and it implies a tolerance of ambivalence; along with all this there wouldnaturally be a capacity on the part of the individual to identify with each ofthe parents. 在原始场景中，父母之间的性兴奋关系被这样的小孩所接受，他是健康的，他有能力控制恨的感觉并能够积累恨意进行手淫。手淫过程所涉及的意识和无意识幻想方面的全部责任这个小孩都接受，他就是三人关系中的第三者。在这样的情境下有能力独处，这意味着性心理发展、生殖潜力或相应的女性接受方面的成熟；也意味着攻击和性方面冲动和观念的融合；还意味着对矛盾态度的承受能力；与所有这些一起，他也有能力在这方面认同父母中的任何一方。

8.  I will now attempt to use another language,one that derives from the work of Melanie Klein. The capacity to be alonedepends on the existence of good object in the psychic reality of theindividual. 现在我将用另一种语言，克莱因的语言，来描述。独处的能力取决于个体内心中好客体的存在。

9. Maturityand the capacity to be alone imply that the individual has had the chancethrough good-enough mothering to build up a belief in a benign environment. Thisbelief is built up through a repetition of satisfactory instinctualgratifications. 成熟和有能力独处意味着个体在良性环境中有机会通过足够好的护理来建立一种信念。这种信念需要通过令人满意的本能满足的重复来建立的。